French Revolution & Nationalism in Europe
French Revolution (1789)
Q1. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the French Revolution?
a) Division of society into estates
b) Rise of new middle class
c) Equality before law
d) Financial crisis
Q2. The term Old Regime is used to describe:
a) France before 1789 Revolution
b) France after 1789 Revolution
c) Napoleon’s rule
d) Industrial Revolution in France
Q3. Which slogan became popular during the French Revolution?
a) Freedom, Equality, Justice
b) Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
c) Rights, Religion, Republic
d) Work, Bread, Shelter
Q4. The National Assembly in France was formed by:
a) First Estate
b) Second Estate
c) Third Estate
d) Nobility
Q5. Which book written by Rousseau inspired the French Revolution?
a) Spirit of Laws
b) Two Treatises of Government
c) Social Contract
d) Wealth of Nations
Q6. Who among the following was NOT a philosopher during the French Revolution?
a) Montesquieu
b) Voltaire
c) Rousseau
d) Karl Marx
Q7. Which year did the Bastille prison fall?
a) 1776
b) 1789
c) 1791
d) 1799
Q8. What was the immediate result of the French Revolution?
a) End of monarchy in France
b) Rise of feudalism
c) Expansion of colonies
d) Industrial growth
Q9. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed:
a) Right to property only
b) Natural and inalienable rights
c) Divine right of kings
d) Supremacy of nobility
Q10. Who became Emperor of France after the Revolution?
a) Louis XVI
b) Napoleon Bonaparte
c) Robespierre
d) Lafayette
The Making of Nationalism in Europe
Q11. What was the main ideology behind nationalism in 19th century Europe?
a) Monarchy
b) Liberalism
c) Feudalism
d) Colonialism
Q12. Which event is related to July Revolution of 1830 in France?
a) Fall of Napoleon
b) Overthrow of Bourbon monarchy
c) Unification of Germany
d) Treaty of Vienna
Q13. Who led the movement to unify Germany?
a) Mazzini
b) Garibaldi
c) Otto von Bismarck
d) Victor Emmanuel II
Q14. The unification of Italy was completed in the year:
a) 1860
b) 1870
c) 1848
d) 1901
Q15. Which of the following was NOT a result of Treaty of Vienna (1815)?
a) Bourbon dynasty restored in France
b) Balance of power established in Europe
c) Formation of German Confederation
d) Italy unified under Victor Emmanuel II
Q16. Which was the first revolution inspired by liberal nationalism in Europe (1830)?
a) French Revolution
b) Greek War of Independence
c) Russian Revolution
d) German Unification
Q17. Who was known as the “Soul of Italian unification”?
a) Cavour
b) Garibaldi
c) Mazzini
d) Napoleon III
Q18. What was Zollverein?
a) A political party
b) A customs union in Germany
c) A secret society in Italy
d) A revolution in Austria
Q19. Which symbol represented the concept of nation during the French Revolution?
a) Red Cap (Cap of Liberty)
b) White Flag
c) Tricolour of Italy
d) Black Coat
Q20. Which was the last region to join Italy in 1870?
a) Lombardy
b) Venetia
c) Rome
d) Naples
📝 Explanations
- Equality before law was a demand, not a cause → so NOT a cause.
- Old Regime = monarchy + feudal system before 1789.
- “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” = main slogan.
- Third Estate (commoners) declared themselves National Assembly.
- Rousseau’s Social Contract stressed popular sovereignty.
- Karl Marx came later (19th century).
- Bastille fell on 14 July 1789.
- Monarchy was abolished → Republic declared.
- Rights like liberty, equality, property → natural rights.
- Napoleon crowned Emperor in 1804.
- Liberalism = individual rights + freedom.
- July 1830 → overthrow of Bourbon monarchy in France.
- Otto von Bismarck used “Blood and Iron” policy → Germany unified.
- Rome added in 1870 → Italy unified.
- Italy was not unified in 1815, only German confederation formed.
- First nationalist revolt → Greeks vs Ottoman Empire (1830s).
- Mazzini = “Soul”, Garibaldi = “Sword”, Cavour = “Brain”.
- Zollverein = customs union → economic unity in Germany.
- Red Cap = symbol of freedom/nation.
- Rome (Papal States) joined in 1870 → unification complete.
